Insulation construction for containers



May 117," 19.`?"7.n

J. s. c'ARRoLL INSULATLN CONSTRUCTION FOR CONTAINERS 2s. '192s 5sheets-sheet 2" v.Filed Deo.

M4/ff May 17', 1927.

J. S. CARROLLl INSULATION CONSTRUCTION FOR CONTAINERS 5 sheets-sheet '3Filed Deo; 28. 1925 y 17, J. s. CARROLL INSULATION CONSTRUCTION FORCONTAINERSy -5 snets-sheet 4 File@ Dec.` 28.1923

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mig gw 1927, 1'629 255 May 17 J. s. cARRoLL*A INSULATION CONSTRUCTIONFOR CONTAINERS Filed Dec. 2s. 192s SSheets-Sheet '5 @atei-ated ltiiayentran stares l serena carica.

JOHN S. CARROLL, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK. ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE SSIG'NMENTS,T0

JOHNS-MANVILLE CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK.

YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW INSULATION CONSTRUCTION FORCONTAINERS.

Application led December rl`his invention relates to heat-insulationcoverings for containers such as boilers, and tanks. Large'drurnsfsih assteel boilers.. and tanks, Whatever Ithe use for which they may beintended, are usually made in sections.

and have seams which run longitudinally and circumterentially of theouter surface. These joints are riveted, lap-Welded, butt- Weided orotherwise joined to make the container gas-tight, and are regularly orirregularly disposed over the requires. 'Uther forms of such containersare welded or integral, but in each instance there are hand or manholes,entrance or 'exit pipes and other interruptions to continuity of the'body or shell of the container. When such containers or tanks are usedfor holding materials which are to be maintained at a temperature aboveor below that et the surrounding atmosphere it is necessary to protectthem with an insulating covering. lt is desirable that this coveringshall be resistant to wear and unatected by expansive and contractiveforces to which such structures are subjected. it is also important thatthe insulation be permanently retained in position and in close contactwith the surface of the tank or boiler.

By the methods employed for this purpose effective insulation is notobtained. The coverings applied are not held securely in place andrequently become loose, thus permitting the intrusion ot the atmosphereand consequent undesirable loss or` gain of heat, This difficultyisrencountered especially with thc under portion ot the structure, Wherethe insulation` tends by 4force ot gravity to separate 'from the surfaceof the container. Likewise the expansion and contraction ot thecontainer loosens and cracks the coverings.

ltloreover, it

stillssurface, as the case and materials at present often becomesnecessary to' inspect or repair the Loints or connections as, waa.serial no. 683,239.

me, such removal of a part or section of the insulation loosens anddestroys the adjacent areas, so that the covering is weakened generallyand airpassages are formed therethrough. Patching or cementing overbroken edges and cavities of this sort is both ditiicult to .perform andineffective in its results. Consequently, the operation in goodpractice'requiresthe complete removal et the insulation laying of anentirely new covering in order to secure satisfactory insulationthereafter.

yllhis. requires the use of a large quantity from the boiler and thereof material and necessitates a great amount Y of labor in addition tothe loss of time and service of the boiler or equipment While it isunder repair.

Ubjects of the present .invention are laccordingly to overcome theexpenditure of time, labor and materials which are thus involved by thepresent constructions for insulating boilers and similarcontainers; to-

provide reinforced insulation coverings, which ,will effectively meetthe conditions to which they will be subjected in use and sections ofwhich may if necessary be removed 'from predetermined portions of thecontainer Without affecting the remainder of the insulation; and to.secure tages and provide further inafter alluded to.

In its general aspects, this invention pro- 7ides separate and distinctinsulating covurther advanstructures hereerings for those portions of asurface to be s protected which are subject to occasional 1nspection orrepairs, and for those portions ot the covering which are applied toareas of such surface notsubjected to uncovering,

and provides Jfor retention of said coverings4 in intimate Contact withand 1n expansible4 relation to the surface as a Whole and in cooperativerelation to each other.

The Widest use of. the invention is in the protection of cylindricalcontainers, such as boilers, still drums or the like, mounted inhorizontal position, butstructures Within the invention are equallycontainers.

A representative instance' of the.inv'enadapta-ble to other tal pressurestill, such as shown by tion will be now described in relation to use asan insulating covering for a horizonthe accompanying drawings, inwhichz- Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a pressure still having meansadapted to hold a layer of insulation in place;

Fig. 2 is an end view of a cylindrical container, such as shown in Fi 1,showing the insulation thereon, partly roken away to show layers ofwhich it may consist; y

Fig. 3 is a .transverse section across a riveted but seam of a still,for example on line 3;-.3 of Fig. 1, showing an insulating coveringthereat.

Fig. 4 is a detail longitudinal, radial section on line 4 4 of Fig. 1and across the lapped joints between the middle and end drum, and astill headrespectively, showing.

the insulation covering;

Fig. 5 is a 'detail longitudinal section of a lapped circumferentialjoint between drums of a container, lfor example on line 4 4 of Fig. 1,showing a modified structure of insulation covering; H 1 l Fig. Gis adetail V1n longitudinal section and plan of side lugs and flanges on thestill; Y

Fig. 7 is an elevation partly.A in section of theY devices of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a'ldetail in elevation of a circumferential band mounted uponthe still;

Fig. 9 isa detail section onl line 9 -9 of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is asideelevation' similar to Fig. 1 showing a Welded drum and a modifiedform of head-end insulation covering in section;

Fig. 11 is an end view of the devices of Fig. 10, the layers of theinsulation being broken away;

Fig. 12 is a vertical section on line 12-12 of Fig. 10 showing theinsulating covering in place;

Fig. 13 is a detail plan showing the construction of certain flanges andFig. 14 is a detail horizontal section of the insulation covering andvstill cover of the construction ofFig. 10. Y

Referring now to Figs. 1 to 9, the drawings show a familiar form ofcontainer, e. g., a pressure still, having an end drum 2 of its bodyport-ion made up of steel plates 3 bent into segmental cylindricalforin,abutting at their longitudinal edges, and having inner and outerbutt-straps 6, 7, Fig. 3, copiously riveted at each side of the longi#tudinal seams so formed.`

`A11 end drum so built is telescoped into fthe end of a similarlyconstructed middle drum 1, towhich it is held by the riveted transverseseam 8, and into a built-up segmental," integrally-cast or pressed metalshaped head 4 having an annular rim fitting over the drum 2 vand riveted."to it at the seam 9, Figs. 1 and 4. V

Such constructions are typical of 'hori- `zontal pressure stills,boilers and ltanlrs in` .which seams or the joints are riveted. The

riveted or other plate joint spaces ought to be capableV of beingfrequently inspectedA for safety, but heretofore this has involved thepractical destruction of the lagging or insulation, if any, applied tothe container,

` and inspection-is often neglected because it tudinal flanges 11, 11,which may, as shown in Fig. 6, be channel-irons suitably bent at thetransverse riveted seams to conform to the surface of the container, maybe cut.

away at 12 to pass rivet-beads, may be recessed, as at 13, to t aroundthe'lugs 10, and may be provided with longitudinal slots 14 for holdingbolts 15 in holes in lugs 1.0, toalloW for expansion of the container. Asystem of holes '16 near the margins of the flanges 11 provideanchorages for nuts 18 (Fig. 7 on the reduced threaded ends of shackles19 vfor the retaining straps 17 extending from the flanges 11 onone sidearound the bottom lof the container to the flanges 11 on the other sideof the container. If desired, the channel-bars constituting the flanges11 may `also be supported by angle-lugs 20 riveted or Welded to thecontainer.

At intervals on .the surface of the con- .tainer, and particularly atplaces on yeither side of the plate-joint spaces, openings, connectionsor other parts of the container which should be capable of frequentinspec tion, flanges, such as the llongitudinal ianges 21, 22 (Fig. 1)are erected 'by any suitable construction, forexample by attachment toangle lugs .23 screwed, riveted or Welded to the container.

The container is further provided with transverse or circumferentiahexterior flanges 25, Figs. 1, 8, and 9. near and spaced from transverseplate-joint spaces o1' other parts of the surface desired to be exposedfor inspection. preferred construction for. the flanges 25 as shown inFigs. 1, 8 and 9 comprises angle lugs 26 spot-welded 27 to the metalcontainer and having holes for bolts 28 adaptedto enter-radial slots 29,29 in the segmental or circula-r metallic flange 25. Flange 25 may beprovided With holes 33 for lacing 'v vires.

In relation to the plate-joint space 9 at employed.

may

the point between the head 4 and end drum 2, preferred constructioncomprises a flange 25 and a conical flange 30, Figs. 1, 2 and 4, on andconcentric with the head 4 near its periphery. `Flange 30 may also bemounted on attached angle lugs 26, and may be provided With holes 31near its outer edge to receive lacing Wires 32, Fig. 2, or other tensionmembers adapted to hold layers of insulation material on the surface ofthe container head 4.

The purpose of the system of flanges will `now be manifest. Thesestructures respectively'constitute strong divisions defining and.independently supporting sections of applied insulation, within Whichsections the insulating substances may be removed and replaced Withoutdisturbing adjacent s ections to any substantial degree. The divisionsor anges moreover constitute convenient-supports for tension membersadapted to hold the sectional insulation on the convex surfaces to beprotected by it.

The surface of a container thus equipped is entirely covered with aninsulating material, preferably a porous and flexible material adaptedto conform thereto. rlhe specific material or composition employed beselected with respect to the particular conditions of use, butordinarily it Will be found advisable to use a heat-resisting material'vvhich Will form anintimate contact With the container and which willadhere more or less firmly thereto, such as an asbestos felt,f or anyplastic refractory cementitious and fibrous '-aggregate, or laminae offelted asbestos or the like. The further covering of each section soprovided may consist of a single layer, but preferably oftwo or morelayers, applied over the initial layer, and of a material having lessresistance to high temperatures than the material of-v the first layer.This'makes possible the satisfactory useA of a wide range "f ofmaterials, including those of greater insulating properties but of lessresistance to the higher temperatures than the materials recommended forcontact with the container. In practice, the outer layer or layers maybe added, without regard to the heat resisting quality of theirmaterials, so long as these are chosen with respect to their low heatconductivity. Such insulating material is preferably in the form offlexible porous sheets or molded shapes adapted to conform to the firstlayer.A An outer coating preferably of a cementitious material capableof being finished with a hard, stiff'` surface, and substantiallyunaffected .by Wear, Weather and such other conditions, as may beincidental to its intended service, may be ln relation still shown bythe drawings, before applying having low heat to containers like thevpressure,

or after removing the bands '17, a layer 34 of temperature-resistinginsulationmaterial, preferably of the flexible fibrous characterdescribed, is laid over the upper poi tion of the body of the still.This layei34 may comprise sheets, preferably buttjointed, or 4singlysufficiently long to extend from the flange 11 on one side to the flange11 on the other side. This layer may cover the area from the annularflange 25 to plate jointf '8 (or near this joint, if desired) and in thepreferred construction at least a portion ofthe 1ayer34 is formed linthe spaces, such as a, Figs. 4 and 8, between the container and theflanges, to avoid substantial conductive transfer of heat by the metalof the flanges.

Tpon layer ing material 35,not necessarily so resistant t9 hightemperatures as layer 34, may now be laid. Layer may consist of anyporous or fibrous material having loW effe-tive heat conductivity; forexample, the material may be cellular aggregate of asbestos andinagnesia, an asbestos felt, a sponge felt, a fibrous mat or felt, orany other material used, they are laid sineothlyv and firmly lagainstthe first layer and are co-eXtensive therewi h, with broken joints asbetween layer and layer.

A. layer 36, Fig. 3, which may be of fibrous asbestos admiXed With acemenf'ibinder, or other suitable plastic, may be formed over the outerbutt strap 7 of the longitudinal joint in the section between flanges 2land 22. A second layer 37 of strips of a suitable felt, such as spongeor fibre, may be laid upon layer BGbutting 21 and 22 at theirv edges.`In each division of the surface between the partitions or flanges anindependent section of multi- -layer non-conductive substance may thusbe built up.

lf desired, divided sectional non-conducting covering may be resorted towithout the provision at every place Where the covering is disconadividing flange, not shown,

34 a layer or sheets of insulat x conductivity. lfr sheets are theprocedure.resulting in aA firmly against fianges lUtv tinuous of thesupporting divisions or flanges. For example, as shown' in Fig. 4 at 40and 41 in relation to a section 42 covering the plate joint 8, tlfevarious layers of the insulation may merely cease at a line of division,such as will result by building up the 'layers '-withsthe aid oftemporary forms at the surfaces 40 and 41. Such a section as 42 may betaken out and `replaced with minimum damage to neighboring sec tions. Asshown in Fig. 5, removal of the sect-ion applied vin such a situation.may be further facilitated by therein building up the layer 35 of manyseparate pieces, as 47, 48, of the intermediate insulating'material,

the joints, as at 49, being lled With an lit) easily-broken cement. Suchconstructions .such as the layer 44 of a plastic bonding materialadmixed with asbestos, and an outer surface coating 45 of asbestos fibreand Portland cement, Whichmay be painted if desired. The layers 44, 45`maybe applied when the layers 34, 35 have` been built up to thethickness defined by the several flanges, 1 1, 21, 22,` 26,d etc., and'thus may over1ap.f'hes e flanges; but preferably planes. of division,e..g.,` at 46,147, Fig. 4, are formed between the sections of thecovering in line with the several flanges. i

Such partis 4of a container as the head 4 and the annular region of theplate-,joint 9 present' special diiculties, heretofore frequentlycausing no adequate insulation to be provided. But-having provided the'annu;

lar flange 3(1),"the head 4 may have applied f Ato it, W1thin the spacedefined by flange 30,

cally'across thevconvex end.

layers 34 and 35 corresponding to the remainder ofthe structure; theseare prefern ably held on by lacing the Wires 32 through the holes 31,Figs. 1 and 2, and diametri- The annular section between the flangesAand 30 may be formed similarly, 'the layers 34 and 35 being laced on byWires passed through holes in the partitions. The Whole` annular andconvex end portion may then be covered with the cementitious coatings44, 45. l

Under the'severe requirements for pressure stills, .often operating at'temperatures reaching to 700 to 17 50 Fahrenheit, the sectionalconstructions mentioned arev of particular advantage because they permitoperation with the plate-joints and points of doubtful strength of thestill exposed, and enable the insulation to be completed neatly andeffectively after a test run or runs with these danger points underobservation.

The same principles of construction -may applied, with appropriatestructural modification, to the somewhat different situation presentedby a container Without riveted seams, such as 'the Welded 'pressure-tankor still. shown at 50, Figs. l0 and 14. There is nothere the samenecessity for sectional construction; usually replacement will beconfined tothe ends of the container or to its longitudinal bottom ortop-halves. The f' device of the lateral flanges 1l is retained,

.. in the` form shown in Fig. 13, but their support"i's confined to thatafforded by the lug 10 and bolts 15, and suspension straps 51 havingreduced threaded ends 52 in holes 53 l in the flanges 11, on which theyare held'by nuts 54.

An annulus -in halves 55, 56 is aboutl the ends of the container b inholes in upturned lugs 58, andy provides a projecting annular flange ateach headiend of the container. This annular flange is provided Withinner holes 59 for lacing Wires 60, `and With outer holes 61 for theWires of a Wire net 62, serving to reinforce a protective cementitiouscoating `65 covering and bolts 57 `confining a layer of insulation mator -felt 66 superimposed on asbestos felt or sheets 67 held in place bythel lacing Wires 60. i

The cylindrical body, of the container 50 `s similarly covered by anasbestos or asbestos-containing layer 67, in turn covered by insulationmat or belt 66 and a cementitiousV outer,layer 65 laid on 'and in themeshes of Wire netting 68 stretched from flange 11 to to flange 11 aboutthe upper and lower halves of the container, and preferably resting uponspacers 70, Fig. 14, applied circumferentially on the layerh 66.

The supporting'straps 17, as above de scribed, preferably are coveredwith the cementitious layer 65.

As so constructed, the insulation is sufliciently yielding not to bedamaged by eX- pansion and contraction' of the container, and effectivesupport, with capacity for removal and inspection, is effected for theend section` and the top and bottom halves of the insulation. l

I claim:4

1. In a container of the character indicated comprising a body and ahead having overlapped'v edge portions secured togetherto 'form aplate-joint, alayer of insulating material over said head consisting ofpreformed pieces shaped to fit said head, means holding said layer inplace on the head comprising a plurality of radial bands, a layer ofinsulation on said body consisting of preformed pieces shaped to fitsaid body, a'plurality of bands holding said body-layer in place, eachprovided with take-up means, insulating pieces covering saidplate-joint, and means holding said pieces in place and permitting readyremoval thereof Without disturbing the insulation either of the bodylayer or the head layer.

2. In a container of the character indicated, comprising a cylindrical`body and a head having overlapping edge portions securedtogether to forma plate-joint, said head having a spherical outer surface, a layer ofinsulating material over said head and consisting of preformed piecesshaped to fit said spherical surface, means holding said pieces 1nplace, comprisin a ring secured to said head ,adjacent said plate-jointand a plurality of bands connectedat one end to said ring' and extendingradially toclamped Ward the center of said head, a layer' ofinsulating'material on said body consisting' of preformed pieces shapedto fit the cylindrical surfaceof said body, a plurality of circum- '5ferentially extending bands holdin pieces in Aplace and providedach witVtain up means, insulating pieces coveringsaid-3v Suid mentioned piecesin place and 4permittingi ready removal `thereof- Without disturbing 10-adjacent body or head insulation.

Signed by me at New York city,:N. Y., .ll, this 26th day. of December,19235 'Y JOHN'SQCARRGLL; i

